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Load Characteristics of D.C. Compound Generator

The characteristics depends on whether generator is cumulatively compound or differentially compound generator. In cumulatively compound, Φ2r = Φ2r + Φ2r. As load current increases,  Ia increases hence  Ise  also increases producing more flux. But as  Ia increases, the various voltage drops and armature reaction drop also increases. Hence there is drop in the terminal voltage.
       If drop in Vt due to increasing  IL is more dominating than increase in Vt due to increase in flux then generator is called under compounded and its characteristics is dropping in nature, as shown in the Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 Characteristics of compound generator
       If drop in Vt due to armature reaction and other drops is much less than increase in Vt due to increase in flux then generator is called over compound and its characteristics is rising in nature, as shown in the Fig. 1. If the effects of the two are such that on full load current Vt is same as no load induced e.m.f. i.e. the effects are neutralizing each other on full then then generator is called flat compounded or level compound. Its characteristics is shown in the Fig. 1.
       In differentially compound, ΦT = Φsh ~ Φse.. The net flux is difference between the two. As IL increases, Φsh  is almost constant but Φse increases rapidly. Hence the resultant flux ΦT reduces. There is drop due to armature resistance, series field resistance, armature reaction due to which terminal voltage drops further. Thus we get the characteristics of such differentially compound generator as shown in the Fig. 1.
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